Nonlinear vibrations of rotating pretwisted composite blade reinforced by functionally graded graphene platelets under combined aerodynamic load and airflow in tip clearance

The primary resonance and nonlinear vibrations of the functionally graded graphene platelet (FGGP)-reinforced rotating pretwisted composite blade under combined external multiple parametric excitations are investigated with three different distribution patterns. FGGP-reinforced is simplified to cantilever plate reinforced by platelet. It novel simplify leakage airflow in tip clearance non-uniform axial excitation. speed steady state adding a small periodic perturbation considered. aerodynamic load subjecting surface simulated as transverse Utilizing first-order shear deformation theory, von Karman geometric relationship, Lagrange equation mode functions satisfying boundary conditions, three-degree-of-freedom ordinary differential equations motion derived for excitations. dynamic behaviors analyzed Runge–Kutta method. amplitude–frequency response curves, force–frequency bifurcation diagrams, maximum Lyapunov exponent, phase portraits, waveforms Poincare map obtained investigate responses